Earthworm Farming for Circular Food Systems: Upcycling Residual Biomass into Edible Protein and Organic Soil Amendments

Samenvatting (Engelstalig)

This PhD research explores how agricultural waste, such as leftover maize stalks, can be transformed into valuable food and natural fertilizer through a combination of mushroom cultivation and earthworm farming. First, oyster mushrooms are grown on maize stover, producing protein-rich food using a widely available and low-cost substrate. The spent mushroom material then feeds earthworms, which convert it into additional high-quality protein and nutrient-rich compost. Farmed earthworms were found to have a protein content and amino acid profile comparable to or better than commonly farmed insects, making them a promising alternative protein source. At the same time, the compost they produce helps maintain soil carbon content—without the need for extra land. This circular system could strengthen local food security and support soil health in maize-based farming systems across Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in the face of population growth, land scarcity, and climate-related stress.